SPRING 2016 ENGLISH FOR B.ED CODE 519 AIOU SOLVED ASSIGNMENT.
FOR Q # 1-2-3-4 PRESS CLICK HERE
The aiou solved assignment for
your code 519 for the semester spring 2016 is available here and you students
of Open University can find and write solved assignment for spring 2016. The
solved question # 5 is available here which describes the objectives of
audio-visual materials in teaching and more describes different types of boards
and their use in teaching.
Q. 5:- Explain the specific
objectives of audio-visual materials in teaching and describe different types
of boards and their use in teaching. (20)
Teaching aids illustrate key
points in lessons and rouse students' interests. The use of teaching aids dates
back to as early as 150 B.C. with the Greeks. Visual, aural and technological
aids evolved over time. Using a variety of teaching aids allows students to
learn on many different levels. Early Use
Globes were among the first
teaching aids. According to Bookrags.com, "The ancient Greeks realized
that the earth was spherical and are known to have used globes as early as 150
B.C." Another early teaching aid was the hornbook, "which was used in
English schools from the mid-1400s (and later in colonial America) through the
early nineteenth century," Bookrags.com says. The hornbook was a flat
board with paper pasted to it, and "a transparent piece of horn covered
the paper to protect it." The blackboard evolved from the hornbook.
Visual Aids
The first teaching aids were
predominantly visual like the abacus. The first teaching aids were
predominantly visual aids. The blackboard changed education in 1801 because
"teaching could be a tedious and challenging business for American
teachers before the chalkboard was a teaching tool," according to
Ergoindemand.com. Examples of other visual aids include models, drawings,
specimens, blackboards, bulletin boards, flannel boards, magnetic boards,
dry-erase boards, overhead transparencies, photographs and slides.
Aural Aids
One of the most essential parts
of learning is listening. Radio and television entered the classroom after
World War II. "Although instructional radio failed in the 1930s,
instructional television was viewed with new hope (in the 1940s)," Michael
Jeffries says in The History of Distance Education." Film was created in
the early 1900s, but it "came into widespread classroom use in the 1940s
and 1950s." Cassette tape recordings emerged to assist in teaching foreign
languages in the 1960s. Today, "students can watch educational broadcasts
to closed-circuit lectures on cable or satellite television; they can also view
instructional videotapes and (DVDs), according to Bookrags.com."
Technological Aids
Personal computers and Internet
access entered schools in the 1990s. Most U.S. classrooms had at least one
computer by 1994, and within two years many schools began rewiring for the
Internet. Computers and the Internet changed the way teaching aids are used in
the classroom. According to Bookrags.com, "The teacher's changing role
from knowledge provider to learning coach and facilitator requires the ability
to guide students in making the best educational and informational use of
technology." Technology no longer assists teachers; it often dominates the
classroom. Our society has become so immersed in technology that it is nearly
impossible to stimulate students without it.
Manipulatives
Manipulatives are tools used to
make abstract concepts more real. These teaching aids help children understand
mathematics by looking at it from different views, according to Marilyn Burns,
founder of Math Solutions. Manipulatives may include Color tiles, pattern
blocks, interlocking cubes and a variety of measuring tools, all of which the
students can easily handle. One of the Common Core Standards of Mathematical
Practice asks teachers to model with mathematics. Classroom teachers use
manipulatives to achieve that goal. Burns recommends using manipulatives in all
math classes from kindergarten to high school.
Electronics and Media
Teachers use interactive
whiteboards, tablets and computers to stimulate their students and hold their
attention with visuals. Taking students on a virtual tour of an Egyptian
pyramid will make that fabled landmark come alive in a way no book can.
Speaking via online video with volcanologists while they conduct research on an
island volcano in the Pacific Northwest will make the entire class part of the
adventure. An interactive whiteboard connects the teacher's computer to a
projector, which he can use to show a lesson on a touch screen to the class.
The interactive lesson allows students to manipulate objects on the screen.
They become participants in active learning, rather than spectators in a
passive process.
Graphic Organizers
Graphic organizers -- a visual
graphic that helps organize students' thinking -- can be used in any subject
matter. Students use them to organize their learning by constructing Venn
diagrams, t-charts, story maps, flow charts and timelines. Once students
organize their ideas, they can spot trends and patterns in the concepts.
Realia
Realia (objects from real life
used in classroom instruction) and primary sources can assist with vocabulary
development and background knowledge, according to "Visual
Scaffolding." For example, students studying types of rocks can sort real
rocks according to weight, color or texture.
Primary Sources
Primary sources are the original
documents from a historical event. These pieces of living history gives
students an opportunity to think critically about an event from the past by
analyzing the document or picture.
Warning
Some students may rely too
heavily on what teaching aids can provide, especially computers and the
Internet. Having easy access to vast amounts of online information, but not
enough guidance or encouragement for students to think for themselves, can lead
to plagiarism. Bookrags.com says, "New learning aids that encourage
students to think critically and creatively must be devised."
Seeing images of what's being
taught is a powerful way to build student engagement and boost retention. Not
only do they provide supplementary information to students, but the visual aids
show images that allow them to connect a topic to what it looks like. Further,
visual aids can promote deeper thinking and build overall critical thinking
skills. In fact, bringing a visual aid into your classroom opens up a whole new
realm of educational opportunities.
Improve Classroom Success
Showing students images can boost
their understanding of a topic. For example, it can be tough for students to
understand the concept of where a place is located just by hearing their
teacher describe it. Showing students on a map will improve their success.
Bringing visual elements into your classroom can also boost math and reading
abilities, according to a 2008 article published in "Edutopia." The
same article also notes that visual aids can help English-language learners
build their vocabulary and writing skills. Showing students visual aids
inspires creativity and deeper thinking, as well.
Build Student Interest and
Engagement
Showing student’s visual images,
such as maps, charts, graphs, photographs and pictures of people can help
students get excited about a particular topic. When students are able to see a
photograph of a famous explorer, for example, they're more likely to be engaged
in finding out more about his contributions to history. This is also true for
special-needs students, such as those on the autism spectrum, who often learn
visually and have more trouble becoming engaged in a general classroom setting,
according to Alyson Harris, writing for the Johns Hopkins School of Education.
Expand the Scope of What Can Be
Learned there is only so much information a teacher can give students orally.
Using visual aids greatly expands what kinds of information a teacher can pass
on to her students. For example, hearing stories about the Oregon Trail can
teach students some information, but seeing colorful maps showing the route
they took or playing the popular computer game by the same name allows them to
interact with the information and learn so much more. Showing students objects
is another powerful way to teach, and can bring a subject alive. Showing
students objects that are spheres or cylinders is more effective than telling
the children what they look like and holding rocks in their hands expands how
much can be learned about different types of rock formations.
Integrate Technology
In an ever-increasing
technological world, schools must be prepared to help students learn how to use
technology. Visual aids can help accomplish that goal. Many classrooms are
installing interactive whiteboards, which show images, charts and graphs, but
also allow students to move things around and touch items to learn more.
PowerPoint presentations are a computer-generated visual aid that allows
teachers to show photographs and other images to enhance a topic. Students can
also use PowerPoint technology to prepare reports and presentations to share in
class. Teachers can also bring in the internet by showing video clips and
pictures to enhance classroom instructions.
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